AI-Driven Multimodal Clinical Intelligence in Dentistry: Integrating Natural Language Processing, Machine Learning, and CBCT Imaging for Endodontic Treatment Planning
Keywords:
Artificial intelligence, multimodal systems, dentistry, endodontics, CBCT imaging, large language models, clinical decision support, machine learningAbstract
Modern healthcare is being transformed by artificial intelligence, as it allows clinical decision-making to become more accurate, efficient, and data-driven. The field of dentistry, specifically endodontics, is an important area where intelligent systems can be applied due to its reliance on imaging and clinical interpretation.
This paper proposes a multimodal clinical intelligence model that involves clinical text analysis using large language models, machine learning predictive systems, and cone-beam computed tomography imaging to improve treatment planning. The framework uses heterogeneous data sources to provide a unified diagnostic perspective, enhancing workflow accuracy and efficiency.
The experimental results demonstrate significant improvements in diagnostic accuracy and reliability of treatment recommendations compared to traditional approaches. The study highlights the importance of combining structured and unstructured clinical data and contributes to the development of next-generation intelligent dental care systems.
References
1. Kachhia, J., Patel, A., Vala, A., Patel, R., & Mahant, K. (2015). Logarithmic slots antennas using substrate integrated waveguide. International Journal of Microwave Science and Technology, 2015(1), 629797.
2. Singh, S. (2018). The efficacy of 3D imaging and cone-beam computed tomography in enhancing endodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. International Journal of Scientific Research and Management, 6(6), 36.
3. Parupally, V. (2025). CalamanCy: A Tagalog natural language processing toolkit. In 2025 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology & Computer Engineering (ICITCE) (pp. 45–51). IEEE.
4. Altalhi, A., Shabtai, I. E., & Barring, T. (2025). Generative artificial intelligence adoption in healthcare: A systematic scoping review. Journal of Information Systems Engineering and Management.
5. Brown, T. B., Mann, B., Ryder, N., Subbiah, M., Kaplan, J., Dhariwal, P., Neelakantan, A., Shyam, P., Sastry, G., Askell, A., Agarwal, S., Herbert-Voss, A., Krueger, G., Henighan, T., Child, R., Ramesh, A., Ziegler, D. M., Wu, J., Winter, C., … Amodei, D. (2020). Language models are few-shot learners. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, 33, 1877–1901.
6. Devlin, J., Chang, M. W., Lee, K., & Toutanova, K. (2019). BERT: Pre-training of deep bidirectional transformers for language understanding. Proceedings of the 2019 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (NAACL-HLT), 4171–4186. https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/N19-1423
7. Esteva, A., Robicquet, A., Ramsundar, B., Kuleshov, V., DePristo, M., Chou, K., Cui, C., Corrado, G., Thrun, S., & Dean, J. (2019). A guide to deep learning in healthcare. Nature Medicine, 25(1), 24–29. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-018-0316-z
8. Goodfellow, I., Bengio, Y., & Courville, A. (2016). Deep learning. MIT Press.
9. Johnson, A. E. W., Pollard, T. J., Shen, L., Lehman, L. W. H., Feng, M., Ghassemi, M., Moody, B., Szolovits, P., Celi, L. A., & Mark, R. G. (2016). MIMIC-III, a freely accessible critical care database. Scientific Data, 3, 160035. https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2016.35
10. Litjens, G., Kooi, T., Bejnordi, B. E., Setio, A. A. A., Ciompi, F., Ghafoorian, M., van der Laak, J. A. W. M., van Ginneken, B., & Sánchez, C. I. (2017). A survey on deep learning in medical image analysis. Medical Image Analysis, 42, 60–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.media.2017.07.005
11. Liu, X., Faes, L., Kale, A. U., Wagner, S. K., Fu, D. J., Bruynseels, A., Mahendiran, T., Moraes, G., Shamdas, M., Kern, C., Ledsam, J. R., Schmid, M. K., Balaskas, K., Topol, E. J., Bachmann, L. M., Keane, P. A., & Denniston, A. K. (2019). A comparison of deep learning performance against healthcare professionals in detecting diseases from medical imaging. The Lancet Digital Health, 1(6), e271–e297. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2589-7500(19)30123-2
12. Miotto, R., Wang, F., Wang, S., Jiang, X., & Dudley, J. T. (2018). Deep learning for healthcare: Review, opportunities and challenges. Briefings in Bioinformatics, 19(6), 1236–1246. https://doi.org/10.1093/bib/bbx044
13. Rajpurkar, P., Chen, E., Banerjee, O., & Topol, E. J. (2022). AI in health and medicine. Nature Medicine, 28(1), 31–38. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-021-01614-0
14. Shen, D., Wu, G., & Suk, H. I. (2017). Deep learning in medical image analysis. Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering, 19, 221–248. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-bioeng-071516-044442
15. Topol, E. J. (2019). High-performance medicine: The convergence of human and artificial intelligence. Nature Medicine, 25(1), 44–56. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-018-0300-7
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
